As of December 2023, 273 individuals from 21 countries have visited the space station. This also means that the ISS sustained the longest continuous human presence in space. The first long-term residents, Expedition 1, arrived on 2 November 2000, and since then the station has been occupied for 23 years and 80 days. The first ISS component was launched in 1998 and subsequent major modules were launched by Proton rockets, Soyuz rockets and Space Shuttles. The ISS programme was formed from prior plans to construct a permanently crewed Earth-orbiting station: the United States's Space Station Freedom and Soviet Union's Mir-2. The ISS maintains an orbit with an average altitude of 400 kilometres (250 mi) and circles the Earth in roughly 93 minutes, completing 15.5 orbits per day (meaning that it passes over a fixed point on earth approximately once every 90 minutes). Other spacecraft can dock to the station via its eight docking and berthing ports. These pressurized modules are further specialized based on their research, habitation, storage, spacecraft control and airlock functions. The most striking feature about the ISS is the Integrated Truss Structure, which connects the large solar panels and radiators to the pressurized modules. These agencies are: NASA ( United States), Roscosmos ( Russia), JAXA ( Japan), ESA ( Europe), and CSA ( Canada).įunctionally, the station is divided into two sections: the Russian Orbital Segment assembled by Roscosmos and the US Orbital Segment assembled by NASA, JAXA, ESA and CSA. As implied by its name, the International Space Station is a collaboration of five space agencies and other contractors. The station resides in low Earth orbit and has a primary purpose of performing microgravity and space environment experiments. The International Space Station ( ISS) is the largest space station to have ever been built.
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